In blockchain development, various programming languages are used to create smart contracts and manage blockchain networks. Solidity is the most widely used language for Ethereum smart contracts, known for its resemblance to JavaScript and its robust features tailored for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It allows developers to write decentralized applications (dApps) with a high degree of security and functionality. Vyper, another language for Ethereum, is designed to be more readable and secure than Solidity, with a focus on simplicity and fewer features, which reduces the risk of vulnerabilities. Other languages like Rust and Go are also prominent in the blockchain space, used for different platforms like Polkadot and Hyperledger Fabric, respectively. Each language offers unique features and advantages, making them suitable for different types of blockchain projects.