Control structures, specifically looping constructs like for and while, are fundamental in programming for performing repetitive tasks efficiently.

The for loop is typically used when the number of iterations is known beforehand. It allows you to execute a block of code a specific number of times, making it ideal for tasks that require repetition a fixed number of times. For example, you might use a for loop to iterate through a list of items and process each one individually.

On the other hand, the while loop is used when the number of iterations is not predetermined and depends on a condition. It continues to execute a block of code as long as the specified condition remains true. This makes it useful for scenarios where the termination of the loop is dependent on dynamic factors that can change during execution, such as user input or the state of a variable.

Both constructs are essential for managing repetitive operations in programming, but they are applied based on the nature of the task and the control needed over the iteration process.